Print vs Digital: Print is historical. It exists as something physical that has more meaning and is considered more truthful and reliable than something that exists online.
> First prints created were cave paintings
> 200AD: Chinese woodcut prints. This method involves carving an image into a wooden panel, applying ink to the raised surfaces and printing onto cloth. Paper did not exists in China at this time and so cloth was used. Europe did not start printing until the 1400s.
Written word communicates more clearly than spoken word, which can get altered and distorted over time. This is very important when spreading the word of religion. Most early printed texts were based on religious beliefs and aimed to achieve mass communication.
> 1000AD (Asia) 1450 (Europe): Movable Type. Wooden movable type in Asia, Gutenberg print press in Europe. This began to permanently alter the structure of society. The spread of the written word saw a rise in literacy, understanding and knowledge. Historically, only upper class people could read and write; introducing more printed matter meant that lower classes began to become more literate.
This eventually lead to evolving different letterforms and considering type, glyphs etc. and altering the mood of the text or message.
Metal Type: More expensive, but a considerably faster method of creating text than carving individual wooden letterforms.
1700s Lithography: Based on the repulsion occurring between oil and water. It is a quick process where originally, an image was drawn with wax, and water based ink was applied to the plate and a print was made from this. Used for fly posting, mass communication and could be mass reproduced.
Linotype: Invented in 1884 and revolutionised printing. This method immediately produced lines of type by machine. In the 1960s and 70s it was used to print newspapers, which were previously limited to 8 pages.
Etching/Drypoint: Another method of printing images that works on the same principle as woodblock printing. Commonly used for religious imagery.
1904/5: The rich, upper classes were considerably wealthy and at this time printing was about extravagant design and pattern work used as expensive decoration.
Propaganda/War posters: Mass communication of political messages. These posters were manipulating and influencing people. About impact, immediacy and message. They needed to communicate visually as there was still a large percentage of people who were illiterate. Print and propaganda go hand in hand.
1930s Modernism: Modernist design suited printmaking. It was more minimal and this reduction in colour was more suitable for printing techniques.
Screen Printing: Based on the use of a stencil. A very quick method, pushing ink through a screen. People did not need to be artistic or particularly skilled to create basic screen prints.
Shepard Fairey: Contemporary American street artists who utilises screen printing to spread messages to a young audience. An example of appropriating specific methods of print to mass communicate, that resulted in a cultural phenomenon.
1700s Lithography: Based on the repulsion occurring between oil and water. It is a quick process where originally, an image was drawn with wax, and water based ink was applied to the plate and a print was made from this. Used for fly posting, mass communication and could be mass reproduced.
Linotype: Invented in 1884 and revolutionised printing. This method immediately produced lines of type by machine. In the 1960s and 70s it was used to print newspapers, which were previously limited to 8 pages.
Etching/Drypoint: Another method of printing images that works on the same principle as woodblock printing. Commonly used for religious imagery.
1904/5: The rich, upper classes were considerably wealthy and at this time printing was about extravagant design and pattern work used as expensive decoration.
Propaganda/War posters: Mass communication of political messages. These posters were manipulating and influencing people. About impact, immediacy and message. They needed to communicate visually as there was still a large percentage of people who were illiterate. Print and propaganda go hand in hand.
1930s Modernism: Modernist design suited printmaking. It was more minimal and this reduction in colour was more suitable for printing techniques.
Screen Printing: Based on the use of a stencil. A very quick method, pushing ink through a screen. People did not need to be artistic or particularly skilled to create basic screen prints.
Shepard Fairey: Contemporary American street artists who utilises screen printing to spread messages to a young audience. An example of appropriating specific methods of print to mass communicate, that resulted in a cultural phenomenon.
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